• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The voltage measuring circuit comprises a rectifier (18) for receiving an alternating voltage (AC) to be measured and for emitting a rectified output signal; a comparator (22) for comparing said rectified output signal and for producing therefrom a square wave having a pulse width indicating that the rectified output signal exceeds a threshold value; a calculation circuit (16) for converting a measurement of the pulse width into a measurement of the voltage and optionally an optocoupler (28) which connects the comparator (22) to the calculation circuit (16). The rectifier (18) can supply working current to the comparator (22) and to an input side of the optocoupler (28), from the alternating voltage signal being measured. The rest of the measuring circuit can be supplied by a source which is isolated from the voltage to be measured.
    公开号:SE1251405A1
    申请号:SE1251405
    申请日:2012-12-11
    公开日:2013-06-20
    发明作者:Andrei Bucsa；Stephen D W Fosty
    申请人:Tyco Safety Prod Canada Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    To output a rectified output signal; a comparator for comparing said rectified output signal and for producing therefrom a square wave with a pulse width indicating that the rectified output signal exceeds a threshold value; a calculation circuit for converting a measurement of the pulse width into a measurement of the voltage, optionally an optocoupler which connects the comparator to the calculation circuit. The rectifier can supply working current to the comparator and to an input side of the optocoupler, from the alternating voltage signal being measured. The rest of the measuring circuit can be supplied through a source which is isolated from the voltage to be measured.
    According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of measuring the magnitude of an AC signal is proposed. The method includes rectifying the AC signal to provide a rectified output signal; comparing the rectified output signal and generating therefrom a square wave with a pulse width which is an indication that the rectified output signal exceeds a threshold value; converting a measurement of the pulse width to a measurement of the magnitude of the alternating voltage signal.
    Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following description of specific embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
    Brief Description of the Figures The figures, by way of example only, illustrate embodiments of the present invention: Figure 1 shows a graph of a sine waveform corresponding to an input voltage; Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a voltage measuring circuit as an example of an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 3A and 3B are a block diagram of any calculation circuits used in the voltage measuring circuit of Figure 2; Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show curves for waveforms formed by the measuring circuit of Figure 2; and Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a voltage measuring circuit as an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
    Detailed Description Figure 2 illustrates an example of a voltage measuring circuit 10 capable of measuring the magnitude of a source 12 of an alternating current (AC), which emits a sinusoidal voltage VW, as shown, for example, in Figure 1. as illustrated in Figure 1, the source 12 emits a voltage VW which is sinusoidal and which has an amplitude Vpk at a frequency of 1 / Tf (where Tf is the period of the sine curve).
    According to full-wave rectifier 18 which receives ViN from source 12 and which emits a full-wave rectified what is illustrated in Figure 2, the voltage measuring circuit comprises an output signal VRECT, as shown in Figure 4A.
    The output of the rectifier 18 is output to a voltage divider 20 and outputs of the voltage divider 18 are then used to supply downstream components, as described in detail below.
    The voltage divider 20 comprises a resistor Rs 30 and a resistor F16 32 which 46-viiEci to the input of a comparator 22. 3 + 6 emits the fractional voltage. The comparator 22 can be formed using an ordinary operational amplifier 24 whose inverting input is driven by a reference source 36 which gives a reference DC voltage Vi.
    The non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 24 acts as an input to the R.1 comparator 22 which receives the split voltage VCOMP = a- ViiECi = - ViiECi, R, + Ró KRR _ _ _ _ where K = as shown in FIG. 4B. Here it is understood that the output of the amplifier 24 acts as a comparator output which drives the optoisolator 28. The output of the comparator 22 will be high each time that R _ ._ _ _ _ _ íö- ViiEci) is equal to or exceeds Vi, and otherwise law, as shown in Figure 4B. The resulting output signal from comparator 22 drives optocoupler 28.
    The output signal from the optocoupler 28 will be a Pulse Width Modulated (PWI / I) square wave with the period Ti, as shown in Figure 4C_ The width u of the square wave (ie the time during which the output signal from the comparator 22 is high) depends on the frequency and amplitude of VW.
    As such, the output of the optocoupler 28 can be fed to a computing circuit 16 which can convert the width of the PWM square wave into a signal representative of the magnitude of the AC voltage source 12, measured for example as a peak or HMS voltage, and possibly the frequency of VW. Likewise, the absence of a square wave-shaped output voltage of the optocoupler 28 can be interpreted as a voltage error or a state with little or no output signal.
    More specifically, the output of the operational amplifier 24 drives the optocoupler 28 through the resistor 26. Now, by measuring the width u of the square wave, it is possible to determine the Vpi and / or the RNIS voltage (ViWiS) of the source 12, and / or the frequency of the VW.
    As illustrated in Figure 4B, the input signal to the comparator 22 can be specifically expressed as: V VCOMp = Vi = ípkwsífw fl o] where ti, represents the intersection time of VW and Vi.
    Based on this, Vpk can be determined: Kv, sin Z fl i-to Tf Expressed in terms of u is shown in Figure 4C PWI / I square wave (ie the time that Vpk = lasts), K- V _ K- V, (3 ) Vpk = u - u sin 27I -_-- sin 275-- 1 T. .l 1 il 5 Nothing else than u can be associated with the period of VW, Tf, as: (4) Tf = 2- (u + w) where w represents the time when the PW1 / I square wave is off.
    By replacing equation (4) with equation (3) we get: K - V. (5) Vpk = 1. 11 71 '_ L S111 ... Wii 10 For a sine wave, the HSE voltage can be calculated from Vpk by observing, VK -Vi <6) VR ... = Ä = -sinífr-Ä] 2- (u + w) The output of the optocoupler 28 can input an input signal to a processing / computing circuit 16. In one embodiment, the computing circuit 16 may take the form of a processor 42, in the form of a controller, microprocessor, digital signal processor 15 (DSP) or the like, under program control. , as shown in Figure 3A.
    The processor 42 can sample the output signal from the optocoupler 28 to determine values of w and u. The processor 16 can, for example, sample the output signal from the optocoupler 28 to calculate w and u. The processor 16 can, for example, calculate the magnitude of the voltage Vpk as KV, KV, 20 Typically, an average VRMS value is of interest. The average or RMS voltage VRMS can be determined as the sum of the RMS values during n cycles divided by n.
    This means that the average RIVIS voltage can be determined as: 1 "K -V," vïsinppettlfl i 2 - (m1 + wm) 10 15 20 25 30 35 Kv D znmnm-ï @ - z @ m + Mm The circuit 14 can above calculation. We can suitably be selected arbitrarily on the basis of the operating voltage of the amplifier 24. We are typically selected so that it is lower than the operating voltage. In the embodiment shown, Vi can be selected so that it corresponds to 1.24V, which is a typical reference voltage. Now K must be selected on the basis of the minimum voltage to be measured. This means that KVi should be selected so that it is lower than or equal to the minimum voltage to be measured. For example, if the lowest Viiiiis to be measured is Viiiiisjnin = 57V (corresponding to a minimum considered Viiiiis of 57V), K can be selected so that Viiiisjniii / Vi = 57 / 1.24 = 45.9677.
    In addition or as an alternative, the calculation can be simplified to reduce the number of multiplications or divisions to be performed. This can be done, for example, by selecting a specific number of sample (s) on the basis of the selected values for Vi and K, and by adjusting K as required. This means that for each specially selected Vi, n can be selected as a WW. the average value of RMS. If appropriate n and K are selected, the operation for calculating integer approximation of This simplification facilitates the calculation of the average can be limited to an addition operation instead of addition and division. However, this is only intended to reduce the necessary computing capacity.
    This means that in the example of minimal detection of Viiiis of 57V, and Vi selected corresponding to 1.24V, and K = 45.9677, a choice of n around 32.5 would reduce the multiplication / division. This choice of n and K eliminates the need to multiply and divide. The number of samples (represented by the integer value of "n") determines how many samples must be added to provide an average value for the input HMS voltage.
    However, since n represents the number of samples, n must be an integer. Thus, n can be set to n = 32 (related to an average calculation of 32 samples). K can in turn be adjusted / selected so that it corresponds to K = JE - 32 = 45.2548. In other words, to simplify division and multiplication, the choice of K and n can be made so that the ratio between K / / 2'n is equal to one (1) or another integer. 6 In turn, Rs and RS can be selected as = 45.2548, using available default values for the resistors.
    A continuous averaging to determine the average HSM voltage. sampling over several cycles may be the subject of the processing / calculation circuit 16 may suitably also determine the alternating voltage frequency and / or a fault condition. The processing / calculating circuit 16 may, for example, monitor the output of the optocoupler 28 for each cycle to determine an error. For example, if the output remains below high impedance (or logically high if it is biased) for a half AC cycle (ie no square wave is output), a fault can be detected and possibly signaled. Similarly, the AC voltage frequency of the VW can be detected as frequency = _ 2 - (u + W). The processor 42 can output separate digital outputs Vom, FREQU_OUT, FAULT_OUT, which indicate measured voltage, frequency or generate an error flag.
    The rectifier 18 (Figure 2) can further supply the operating current / voltage to the comparator 22 and to the optocoupler 28. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the components of the circuit 10 on the input side of the optocoupler 28 need not share a current supply with the processing / calculation circuit 16.
    The circuit 14 may be designed using individual or integrated components, or optionally using one or more microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), or a combination thereof.
    Figure 5 illustrates an example of a circuit 14 formed using four diodes arranged as a rectifier bridge 18. The voltage divider 20 is formed by the resistors Ra and RB. The comparator 22 (including a reference source) can be formed using two resistors R4, Rs and a controllable zener diode U2. A depletion type MOSFET Q1, the resistor F11, the capacitor C1 and the fixed value zener diode D2, bias the comparator 22 and the optocoupler 28. The optocoupler 28 can be a standard optocoupler such as a pre-assembled six-pin optocoupler 4N31 or 4N32. Q1 and F11 form a constant current source which charges C1 which emits energy around the zero crossing of the input voltage when the diodes of the rectifier 18 do not emit any U2 (the controllable zener diode U2 is used as a comparator). Resistor R4 is used to bias U2 and supply current. D2 limits the bias voltage through the comparator, F25 to limit the current through the LED of the optocoupler 28.
    In the circuit of Figure 5, relatively few components are suitably used and it can be manufactured at low cost. It also provides an isolation between the current supply used to supply current to the controller 16, and the voltage being measured. Furthermore, the output signal from the circuit 14 can easily feed the controller 16 or any other DSP or processor by using, for example, a general purpose I / O pin (GPIO).
    In an alternative embodiment, the processing / computing circuit 16 may take the form of an integration circuit as shown in Figure 3B. More specifically, the ratio u / (u + w) represents the operating ratio of the output signal from the optocoupler 28, with a fixed frequency 1 / (u + w). As such, the output signal from the optocoupler 28 can be integrated to form a signal proportional to the AC input voltage. A suitable integration circuit can be formed using a standard operational amplifier 38, a capacitor 34 and a resistor 32. A further resistor 31 The integration circuit can integrate the waveform of Figure 4C for several cycles and thereby bias the output signal from the optocoupler 28. 7 has an average analog voltage signal. which is proportional to u. An appropriate choice of values for the capacitor 34 and the resistor 32 allows the amplifier 38 to emit a limited voltage which is proportional to Vpk and VRMS.
    The embodiments described above are, of course, intended to serve as an illustration only and are in no way limiting. The described embodiments for carrying out the invention can undergo many modifications with respect to shape, arrangement of parts, details and order of operation. Rather, the invention is intended to encompass all such modifications within its scope as defined by the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    A voltage measuring circuit, comprising: a rectifier (18) for receiving an alternating voltage (AC) to be measured and for emitting a rectified output signal (VRECT); a comparator (22) for comparing said aligned output signal and for producing therefrom a square wave having a pulse width indicating that said aligned output signal exceeds a threshold value; a calculation circuit (16) for converting a measurement of said pulse width to a measurement of said voltage. 1, which further comprises a
    [2]
    A voltage measuring circuit according to claim optocoupler (28) together said with said calculation circuit (16).
    [3]
    The circuit of claim 1, wherein said computing circuit (16) coupling comparators (22) comprises an integrating circuit (16; 38).
    [4]
    The circuit of claim 1, wherein said computing circuit (16) comprises a processor (42) for sampling said square wave to determine at least either the pulse width or the frequency of said square wave.
    [5]
    The circuit of claim 4, wherein said processor (42) can be used to calculate a frequency of said AC voltage based on at least either said pulse width or said frequency of said square wave.
    [6]
    The circuit of claim 5, wherein u is the time during which the square wave is high, and W is the time during which said square wave is low for a period, and wherein said processor (42) calculates said frequency as in. 2 - (u + W)
    [7]
    The circuit of claim 4, wherein said threshold value is equal to K -V, and wherein u is the time during which said square wave is high, and w is the time during which said square wave is low for a period, and wherein said processor (42) calculates said matnlng aV said. Spannlng SOm. S111
    [8]
    The circuit of claim 4, wherein said threshold value is equal to KVi, and wherein u is the time during which the square wave is high, and w is the time during which the square wave is low for a period, and wherein said processor (42) calculates said measurement of K -V. said voltage as J. * _ 'M 2' S1n & 7f '% $
    [9]
    The circuit of claim 4, wherein said threshold value is equal to KVi, and wherein u [i] is the time during which said square wave is low, and w [i] is the time during which said square wave is high for a period, and wherein said processor (42) calculates the Kv, YZ measurement of said voltage as 2 i * zn-sin fz-íw] 2- (u [z] + w [i])
    [10]
    The circuit of claim 9, wherein K and n are selected so that the ratio K / ( / 2'n) is approximately equal to an integer.
    [11]
    The circuit of claim 1, wherein said processor (42) signals an error when no square wave is output from said comparator (22).
    [12]
    A circuit according to claim 2, wherein said rectifier (18) delivers working current to said comparator (22) and to an input side of said optocoupler (28), from said alternating voltage being measured.
    [13]
    A method of measuring the magnitude of an AC signal, said method comprising: rectifying said AC signal to output a rectified output signal, comparing said rectified output signal, and thereby generating a square wave having a pulse width indicating that the trough equals ; converting a measurement of said pulse width to a measurement of said magnitude of said AC voltage signal.
    [14]
    The method of claim 13, wherein said conversion comprises integrating said square path.
    [15]
    The method of claim 13, wherein said converting comprises sampling said square wave to determine a time during which said square wave is on and a time during which said square wave is off.
    [16]
    A method according to claim 15, wherein said threshold value is equal to K -V 2, and wherein u is the time during which said square wave is high, and W is the time during which said square wave is low for a period, and wherein said measurement of the said ... ._ K, spannmg is calculated as.
    [17]
    The method of claim 16, wherein said threshold value is equal to K - V 1, and wherein u is the time during which said square wave is high, and W is the time during which said square wave is low for a period, and wherein said voltage calculated as K -We J sin I
    [18]
    The method of claim 15, wherein said threshold value is equal to K - Vi, and wherein u [i] is the time during which said square wave is low, and w [i] is the time during which said square wave is high for a period of said alternating voltage, and wherein said measuring of said voltage is calculated during n periods as 10 2 ": K -Vi * l zn-Sin fr¶bm 2- (u [z] + wm)
    [19]
    The method of claim 18, wherein K and n are selected so that K / ( / 2'n) is approximately equal to an integer.
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    法律状态:
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